Antibiotics are powerful medicines that help treat infections. They can save lives, but only if we use them wisely. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics—including taking them for viral infections or mild bacterial infections that would go away on their own—can cause side effects, make you sicker, and lead to the development of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. This is called antibiotic resistance and it’s a global health problem.
The first antibiotic to be widely used was penicillin, but modern antibiotics are much more advanced than penicillin. Some work to kill bacteria, while others prevent them from multiplying (bacteriostatic). The type of antibiotic your doctor prescribes will depend on the infection and its severity.
When you take antibiotics, always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions exactly. They will tell you how long to take the medicine and whether it’s best taken with or without food. They will also tell you how to store the medication, and may warn you about potential side effects.
Fatigue is a common side effect of some antibiotics, but this can be a sign that your body is working hard to fight the infection. Getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated can help. In rare cases, some people have severe allergic reactions to antibiotics, such as itchy skin or a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis. If you experience this, call 911 immediately.
Always tell your healthcare provider what medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements. This information will help them prescribe an antibiotic that is safe for you.