Flood is a natural event that can happen when rivers and streams are overflowing or when water ponds in low lying areas. Severe weather conditions, sand mining and deforestation can all contribute to floods.
Floods can cause extensive damage and are costly for the communities affected. They interrupt people’s livelihoods, destroy belongings and often impose restrictions on public services such as transport and electricity. They also increase risks to human health and expose the public to harmful bacteria, viruses and chemicals (e.g. sewage) in contaminated flood waters.
Generally, floods develop over a long time period and provide a warning to prepare or evacuate. However, flash floods can occur within hours and have a high impact on life and property.
People most exposed to flooding are those living in single-storey dwellings, below ground in basements and those travelling on foot or in vehicles. Flooding can also harm animals and plants. In addition, it can carry toxins and debris from roads and other sources and pollute waterways, lakes, rivers and the sea.
Many people experience emotional and psychological stress from the disruption to their daily lives caused by floods. Recovery from floods is a lengthy and complex process and can influence the way communities view future events (e.g. fearing that the same thing will happen again). It is important for those who have been impacted to have opportunities to share their experiences, and learn how they can mitigate, prepare and adapt in the future.