Hurricanes form over warm ocean water, sucking up heat and energy from the ocean surface. When the water vapor in the rising air cools down, it becomes clouds and rain and develops strong winds. The Earth’s rotation causes the wind to rotate around the low-pressure center, or eye, and the storm grows stronger.
As the hurricane moves over cooler water or hits land, it loses its fuel and weakens. But dangerous winds can still cause damage, and the heavy rains and storm surge (when a storm pushes sea water ashore) can flood coastal areas, sometimes up to 20 feet or more.
Scientists study hurricanes and their effects to help us protect lives, property, infrastructure, and natural resources. NOAA scientists monitor and predict these powerful storms, which occur about 12 times a year in the Atlantic basin and less frequently in other parts of the world.
NOAA’s mission is to protect people and property by providing science-based forecasts, warnings and information. NOAA’s National Weather Service and its partners work to prepare for and respond to the dangers of hurricanes, tornadoes and other severe weather events.
The best way to stay safe during a hurricane is to ride out the storm in an interior room of your house, such as a hallway or closet on the lowest level. Avoid going near a window, which could shatter. If you must go outside, wear protective clothing and listen to weather reports to be sure the sky has truly cleared.